The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA), consisting of the glomerular afferent and efferent arterioles and the specialized tubular epithelial cells called the macula densa, plays a central role in the regulation of glomerular hemodynamics and renin release.
What is the significance of JGA in kidney function Class 11?
The juxtaglomerular apparatus is part of the kidney nephron, next to the glomerulus. It is found between afferent arteriole and the distal convoluted tubule of the same nephron. This location is critical to its function in regulating renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate.
What is JGA and what is its significance in kidney function?
The juxtaglomerular apparatus is a specialized structure formed by the distal convoluted tubule and the glomerular afferent arteriole. It is located near the vascular pole of the glomerulus and its main function is to regulate blood pressure and the filtration rate of the glomerulus.
What does JGA mean?
Juxta glomerular apparatus is a group of specialized cells from afferent arteriole and distal convoluted tubule of a nephron. They help in maintaining the blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate through renin angiotensin system.
Why is JGA important?
juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) A region of tissue found in each nephron in the kidney that is important is regulating blood pressure and body fluid and electrolytes.
How the function of kidney is regulated?
The kidneys also produce hormones that affect the function of other organs. For example, a hormone produced by the kidneys stimulates red blood cell production. Other hormones produced by the kidneys help regulate blood pressure and control calcium metabolism.
What is the function of Juxtaglomerular cells?
The juxtaglomerular apparatus functions to maintain blood pressure and to act as a quality control mechanism to ensure proper glomerular flow rate and efficient sodium reabsorption. The urethra extends from the bladder to the surface of the body. It consists of an epithelium-lined lumen and a smooth muscle layer.
Which is not a function of the kidneys?
Option D: Kidneys are not involved in secretion of antibiotics. Antibiotics are basically a range of medicines which are used to inhibit the growth and also kill microorganisms. Therefore, this is the incorrect option. Thus, the correct option is A) Regulation of blood pressure.
Where is JGA located?
The juxtaglomerular apparatus, located in the glomerular hilum, consists of a vascular component (afferent and efferent arterioles and extraglomerular mesangium) and a tubular component (macula densa).
How JGA is formed?
JGA is formed by cellular modification in DCT and afferent arteriole at the location of their contact.
What are the function of kidneys?
Your kidneys remove wastes and extra fluid from your body. Your kidneys also remove acid that is produced by the cells of your body and maintain a healthy balance of water, salts, and minerals—such as sodium, calcium, phosphorus, and potassium—in your blood.
What is the structure and function of kidneys?
The kidneys filter the blood to remove waste products, which they convert into urine. Urine is carried from each kidney, through a tube called a ureter to the bladder, where it is stored. The ureter and blood vessels enter and exit the kidney through the renal hilum.
What are the 7 functions of the kidney?
The 7 functions of the kidneys A – controlling ACID-base balance. W – controlling WATER balance. E – maintaining ELECTROLYTE balance. T – removing TOXINS and waste products from the body. B – controlling BLOOD PRESSURE. E – producing the hormone ERYTHROPOIETIN. D – activating vitamin D.
What activates Juxtaglomerular cells?
Juxtaglomerular Cells Although they are activated by prostaglandins released from the macula densa cells, they can also release renin independently of the macula densa. Baroreceptors found in the arterioles trigger renin secretion if there is a fall in blood pressure in the arterioles.
What do Juxtaglomerular cells detect?
These cells do two things: They monitor blood pressure, by measuring how much the arteriole wall is stretched. They monitor the concentration of sodium and chloride ions in the filtrate of the macula densa.
Is renin a hormone?
Renin is a central hormone in the control of blood pressure and various other physiological functions.
What are the signs that something is wrong with your kidneys?
Signs of Kidney Disease You’re more tired, have less energy or are having trouble concentrating. You’re having trouble sleeping. You have dry and itchy skin. You feel the need to urinate more often. You see blood in your urine. Your urine is foamy. You’re experiencing persistent puffiness around your eyes.
How do you improve kidney function?
Here are some tips to help keep your kidneys healthy. Keep active and fit. Control your blood sugar. Monitor blood pressure. Monitor weight and eat a healthy diet. Drink plenty of fluids. Don’t smoke. Be aware of the amount of OTC pills you take. Have your kidney function tested if you’re at high risk.
What color is urine when your kidneys are failing?
When kidneys are failing, the increased concentration and accumulation of substances in urine lead to a darker color which may be brown, red or purple. The color change is due to abnormal protein or sugar, high levels of red and white blood cells, and high numbers of tube-shaped particles called cellular casts.
What is renin secreted by?
Renin is an enzyme secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney. It interacts with aldosterone in a negative-feedback loop. Some hypertensive patients are defined as having low-renin and high-renin essential hypertension. About 20% of hypertensive patients have suppressed plasma renin activity.
How does renin affect GFR?
The macula densa responds by decreasing ATP release, and there is a subsequent decrease in calcium from the smooth muscle cells of the afferent arteriole. The ensuing result is vasodilation, and increased renin release in an attempt to increase GFR.
How does Juxtaglomerular apparatus JGA regulate glomerular filtration rate?
-Juxtaglomerular cells: Renin is produced by juxtaglomerular cells in response to stimulation of the beta-1 adrenergic receptor, reduction in renal perfusion pressure, and decrease in the salt (NaCl) concentration at the macula densa cells, which is a result of reduced glomerular filtration rate.
Which one of the following is not present in human kidneys?
The renal cortex, renal medulla, and renal pelvis are the three fundamental inside areas found in a Nephrons,and kidney or masses of little tubules, are generally found in the get liquid from the veins in the renal cortex and medulla. Malphigian tubules are not a piece of human kidney.
Which part of the human body is Bowman’s capsule found?
The Bowman’s capsule is found in the outer part of the kidney, the cortex. Essentially, the capsule is a sealed, expanded sac at the end of the tubule, the rest of which elongates into a twisted and looped tubule in which urine is formed.
What is the renal corpuscle made up of?
The renal corpuscle consists of Bowman’s capsule and glomerular capillaries, responsible for plasma filtration (image A) & (image B). Network of capillaries that invaginate into Bowman’s capsule. Lined by endothelial cells and supported by a basement membrane and covered by the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule.